The human papilloma virus is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.There is unlikely to have a person who has never heard of him, because today, according to the latest data, 12% of the world's population (this is about 660 million people) are infected with HPV.
The situation is falling quite under the definition of an epidemic.It is for this reason that we will understand what HPV is, how it manifests and what can be dangerous.
What is HPV?
It is worth noting that viruses are wandering genes, they have some kind of intelligence.Academician Koznacheev at the same time said that about two tons of viral-bacterial "vibrant mass" passes through the human body throughout his life.All of these processes, of course, affect the work of genes.
The infection caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) is detected at least once in a lifetime in most active sexual people.The highest prevalence is observed in women aged 20 to 24 and men from 25 to 29 years old.Among the reasons that influence the spread of HPV include socio-economic, behavioral and medicine and hygienic factors.
How manifested HPV
HPV (papillomaviridae family) causes damage to a person's skin and mucosa.At the same time, their immune barrier is inferior, which eventually leads to an increase in the inflammatory process.In other words, the introduction to the body, the virus causes the growth of inferior cells that are not controlled by the immune system, which is clearly manifested in the form of papillomas, warts and candyl in the skin.Another "concentration" of the manifestation of this virus is the uterus.This organ is a type of "discharge tube" in the body, as it serves as a direct indicator of the problems that exist in the body (if any, the conception process is impossible or difficult).The human papilloma virus affects the uterine mucosa and can cause oncology.
Types of HPV
The human papilloma virus can be divided into two categories - low oncogenic risk and high oncogenic risk.In most cases, with an infection caused by low -risk HPV (1, 2, 3 and 4 species), the body copies itself due to strong immunity.In rare cases, this type of infection causes the appearance of warts, benign papillomas, precancerous lesions and even cancer.On the other hand, HPV is considered 16 and 18 species to be biological carcinogens for cervical cancer, vulva, vagina, penis, anus and oropharynx.
Depending on the manifestations of HPV infection in the genitals, latent, subclinical and clinical forms are distinguished:
- The latent form of HPV infection, despite the presence of DNA of the virus, is not associated with morphological changes in the affected tissue.It is possible to determine the asymptomatic presence of this type of infection using molecular biological methods, for which it is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the cervical, vagina and vulva.With this form, no specific treatment is required.
- The subclinical forms of HPV infection (which occur, as a rule, asymptomatic) can be determined in colposcopy and cytological or histological examination.Most of the flat vaginal vagina remains asymptomatic, but often they can cause itching, vaginal discharge or discharge after intercourse.
- The clinical form of infection, which doctors most often have to face, is mainly manifested in the form of warts and papillary formations that occur, as a rule, in places that are injured in sexual contact.Their appearance and further relapses are associated with weakening of general and local immunity.An important nuance is from the moment of infection to the appearance of warts can take from several weeks to several years.The average time between infection and their appearance is 11-12 months in men and up to six months in young women.
Cervical cancer - how dangerous is it?
To understand how common and dangerous this disease is, it is enough to study numbers.About 530,000 cases of cervical cancer (RSM) are recorded every year around the world - it is in the world's fourth place in the predominance of cancer in women.If we consider the mortality structure in women under 45, the death of cervical cancer is in the first place.
How can I get infected with HPV?
The most common way of infection is vaginal and oral sexual intercourse, including without penetration.
Even a contact with a time with a probability of 80% leads to infection.It is also possible to become infected with oral sexual contact.A baby can get a virus from a mother while giving birth to children.
Girls who have not reached puberty are more endangered.
The specification of the virus is such that most men and women are infected at the beginning of sexual activity, and some are repeatedly infected.
Is the infection always the disease?
In a group of people under 30 years 90% of cases, the infection ends with an independent cure.The remaining 10% go to the chronic phase, which can go further into cervical cancer.This process is highly extended in time: from the moment of infection to the development of oncology, 5-20 years pass.And cancer does not occur "suddenly", preceded by precancerous diseases.Thus, with a careful attitude towards your health, the disease can be warned or identified in the early stages.
Cervical cancer in the early stages may not appear sympathetically.Therefore, it is very important to visit the gynecologist regularly and take all the recommended exams.Extremely carefully every woman should be treated with bloody leakage, discharging with an unpleasant odor, pain in the lower abdomen.
How is HPV and RSM diagnosed?
The diagnostic system is highly developed today and allows you to achieve high accuracy in the early stages.First of all, examination tests are used, including a cytological cervical examination, tests for high HPV oncogenic risk and enlarged colposcopy.
It is recommended to make the annual cervical appearance for all women from 21 to 69 years old.Cytological research for women from 21 to 29 years old is performed every 3 years, and from 30 to 69 years - every 5 years.HPV testing is performed as determined by a physician based on the results of the shock.
Preventing and treating HPV
It is better to prevent any disease than to treat - and in the case of HPV, doctors and patients have all the chances of this.As a primary prevention today, vaccination can be recommended.The importance of this vaccination is at least evidenced by the fact that in many places it is included in the national vaccination calendar.Moreover, they do it for all children - both girls and boys.And the experience of such a vaccination has already been accumulated, there is effectiveness data.In particular, the Australian Minister of Health said that by 2020, Australia will become the world's first place with zero cervical cancer, precisely due to mass vaccination since 2007.
Like other viruses, HPV can be removed using various immunostimulating products, such as colostrum, cat's claws, shark liver fat, as well as stimulate the body with different microelectors - calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, iron.These trace elements enhance immunity and favorably affect the body's protection from HPV.There is a statement that in the event of HPV in the body, an area of the matrix is formed (the first papilloma that was raised under the influence of the virus), and if it burns and is removed, and the probability of new occurrence is significantly reduced.With a repeated course of the disease, it is recommended to use systemic immunomodulatory agents, in particular interferons.